Jazz dance is an American form of dance that developed in the early 1900’s as both African and European peoples began to mix their dance traditions. Africans focused on rhythms and torso movement and Europeans on musical harmonies, folk and social dances.

Jazz, tap and musical theatre dance are “cousins.” These forms of dance are tied to everyday music, songs and rhythms. Jazz dance involves a range of lively, often sensuous body movement and percussion techniques, with a mix of tap steps, social dances and ballet. New forms of jazz dance developed with new music, such as the Charleston, swing, rock and roll, and the Caribbean reggae.

Many jazz traditions were imported from Africa, where every tribe had a set of dances of its own, characterized by many rhythms going on at the same time. Different parts of the body move to the various rhythms – arms to one rhythm, the torso to another. Typically these dances were done solo, yet in a group for various ceremonies. In America, they became competitive for the purpose of entertainment.

Vaudeville, or the variety show, was initially a European tradition of traveling performers moving from town to town with their skits, songs and dances. In America, this provided opportunity for a range of popular entertainers to thrive, such as Bill “Bojangles” Robinson a black tap dancer. Show dancers Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers blended flowing ballet movements with more abrupt rhythmic movements of jazz. Concert jazz dance developed as a revue or series of separate jazz dance productions. 

Musical comedy/theatre evolved from variety shows. Themes, story lines and chorus work developed into the musical theatre we know today. Agnes de Mille, who choreographed Oklahoma, elevated the importance of dance in the theatre production. Jerome Robbins combined elements of ballet and jazz in his famous production of West Side Story. 

Choreographers who made major contributions to modern jazz technique include:  Luigi (Eugene Louis Facciuto), Gus Giordano, and Bob Fosse. Bob Fosse choreographed Chicago.

During the past 5 years, jazz dance has become the basis of music videos. The combination of rap, singing and jazz dance have spawned “hip-hop.”